Full transcript of dative-case. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBHO01ZIe9M
and welcome to Russian readers and as you may have already guessed it from the title today we’re talking about the dative case but first I wanted to tell you a few words about the very name of the dative case why is it called dative the name of this case actually comes from the Latin verb which means to give so literally dative case means the giving case and that’s basically its meaning in all the languages that you may encounter a dative case in you know Latin German Russian uh it’s all going to have to do with giving and the reason it’s called The Giving case is because uh the verb to give actually is probably the most common verb that is used with the dative case and this actually takes us to the meaning the primary meaning of the dative case which is indirect object and if you have already seen our video on the accusative case you must already know what the direct object is right which is the primary meaning of the accusative case so again the dative case is the indirect object right so what is the difference between the direct object and the indirect object and the verb to give is actually going to help us see this difference right so uh if you’re giving right if you if you perform the action of giving you can give something some object and then you can give it to someone right to usually person right so in other words you give someone something or uh you can also say you give something to someone right so the object of your giving the actual uh object that you give off uh off to someone is going to be the direct object right because you literally perform a direct action to that object right you act upon that object you literally pick it up and you give it to someone right so that’s your direct object and then the the person that you’re giving it to is going to be the indirect object because that person is going to be uh indirectly affected by your actions so you’re not doing anything directly to that person right um but rather you’re doing something uh that that person uh somehow uh is indirectly affected by so let’s look at this example I gave the dog water right I gave the dog water you can also say it in English as I gave water to the dog right either either way it has the exact same meaning so in this sentence I is of course the subject gave is the verb or the action right and then water is going to be the direct object right because it’s the object that you directly act upon right you you do something directly to the water right you pick it up or you pour it right and then you give it to someone right and then the dog or to the dog right is going to be the indirect object because you’re not doing anything directly to the dog right you’re not really even touching the dog or anything right you simply give something to the dog so the dog is the recipient or the beneficiary of sorts of Your Action right indirectly so the dog the dog is going to be the indirect object and it’s going to be put in the dative case like for example if you were to give the dog to someone right as an object so instead of saying I gave the dog water right you would say I gave the dog to my wife for example right I gave the dog to my wife then the dog becomes the direct object because you literally pick up the dog and you give the dog to someone right so in that sentence I gave the dog to my wife the dog would be the direct object and then my wife would be the indirect object right but again if we give something to the dog right and we say I gave the dog water then the dog is the indirect indirect object and then water is a direct object right but again in English in both cases you could say I gave the dog to my wife versus I gave the dog water so literally I gave the dog sounds exactly the same right but from the Russian perspective uh they would be two different types of objects and two different cases so yes guys this is the primary meaning of the dative case uh indirect object so a lot of times you will see it in in the sentence where you do something directly to an object and then there is another uh you know indirect object usually a person a creature that somehow uh is the recipient of the outcome of that action or a beneficiary you know benefits not always in a good way necessarily but that’s what I call it anyway benefits from that action and is indirectly affected by the direct action and English does not have grammar cases as you know so in English usually the dative case would be expressed through uh prepositions to two or four so you do something to someone or for someone right but in Russian again you’re not going to have a preposition you’re just going to put your noun in the dative case so besides give which in Russian by the way is that what are some other verbs that you will see commonly used with dative so a few other common verbs that you will see used with dative and that I will use in this video are for example which means to give something as a gift we have a specific verb for it in English you could translate it as to gift right uh then scasite to say or to tell someone competes to buy zwanit to call so you can see that all of these verbs right to give to buy to uh say uh to call to recommend we can use them all with a recipient right we’ve got the person we can do all those things two or for a person and of course all of those verbs can and will oftentimes have direct objects right we can buy something for someone we can give something as a gift to someone right we can say something to someone right we can recommend something to someone so all of those verbs may have direct objects well except for call right we can’t call if we call someone on the phone usually there would not be a direct object but a lot of those verbs yeah they will have a direct object but you can see that all of them can be used in relation to a person to a recipient someone who is on the other end of that exchange right and someone who is not again directly affected by it but somehow indirectly um benefits from the outcome or or receives some outcome of that direct action that we perform so what about the form and again in this video we’re just going to look at um singular nouns uh so uh like it is for all other cases pretty much in Russian masculine and neuter forms uh uh gender sorry they share the same ending right so dative is no exception masculine and neuter gender nouns uh have the same ending in dative and it is or sometimes you so let’s look at a couple of examples drug a friend in the dative case would become drugu right which would mean to a friend or for a friend right brat would become bratu right and for example a proper name drawn would become and it’s very difficult to think of a an example of an intimate noun in the neuter gender and again in this meaning in its primary meaning dative case is always pretty much always going to be animate nouns right people or creatures or pets um so just to give you an example just for grammar purposes let’s take a neuter noun malakwa right it’s not an intimate noun but if you were to put it in Native it would take the same ending as the masculine noun which would be uh so in the dative case it would become malaku and a feminine nouns in the dative case take the same ending as the prepositional ending okay if you remember uh nouns of all three genders in the prepositional case take the same ending uh yeah right you can watch our video on the prepositional case if you haven’t seen it um and I don’t know if it’s helping you or maybe confusing you more but uh feminine nouns in the dative case take the exact same ending as the prepositional uh nouns in feminine or or or all other cases right which is yeah let’s look at some examples mama will become Mamiya which would mean to one’s mom or four one’s Mom right the wife right to the wife or for the wife and uh a proper name for example Irina right would become Irina if you do something four or two uh Irina and uh let’s just look at a few examples so you can see how dative Works in in some simple sentences using the verbs that I pre-taught you a couple of minutes ago in this video and the example I already used in the beginning I gave the dog water in Russian would be yadal right is the dative case right it’s a feminine noun Sabaka used in the daily case so again it takes the ending yeah and then vodo in the sentence is the direct object because you literally gave it as a direct object to the dog and we put it in the accusative case and the feminine noun in the accusative case takes the ending uh again you can watch our video on the exclusive case if you haven’t seen it so yeah I gave the dog water or I gave water to the dog another example with the verb padarit which again means to give something as a gift or to gift to present right it’s a pretty pretty common verb in Russian I know in English you would generally just say I gave uh someone something for for their birthday you would just say gave right but in Russian we actually use that verb quite commonly if you if you make a gift all right so our example here is right I gave or I gifted literally my wife flowers right and again in Russian you don’t have to say my wife it’s kind of clear that it’s your wife right we don’t genuinely use possessive pronouns unless we have to in the sentence is dative right again feminine and then sweetly is technically a direct object which is in the accusative case but uh you know it’s um in the plural form and in the plural form it does not change uh in Russian our next example uh uses the verb scazite which means to say or to tell someone something and our example is Michael scazal drug right Michael said to his friend or uh told the friend hi right Michael right so drugo again in this sentence is native of course it’s a masculine noun which takes the ending in the dative case our next example uses the verb kupit which means to buy all right this looks very interesting because both our objects have the same ending ooh right but if you know your grammar you know that uh well of course the sentence means Marina bought for the Sun a book or in English you would say she bought her son a book or she bought a book for her son right but Sino of course is a masculine noun used in the dative case which as you know takes the ending ooh right Sim becomes sinu is a feminine noun in the accusative case which is a direct object in the sentence becomes in the accusative case that’s why they both have the same ending but it’s completely different uh there are different cases they’re different genders so it’s just a coincidence our next example is with the verbs zwanit which again means to call on the phone right to call someone on the phone right Andre calls his mom every day so mama is a family noun which in the dative case here uh and it gets the ending takes the ending to his mom or he calls in English you would you say he calls his mom right again he does something that um I mean I could see how you could think I can see how you could think it it could be a direct object right he calls his mom right but again he’s not doing anything directly he just performs some action that his mom uh somehow just gets the outcome of or is indirectly affected right he is not you know hugging his mom he is not I don’t know um he is not seeing literally maybe he sees his mom right he calls her so she just picks up the phone it’s considered an indirect um object right in the sentence uh there’s no direct action from the grammar perspective being done so uh or long story short just remember the verb to call zwanit in Russian is used with the dative case okay guys and the last thing we’re gonna do is I’m gonna give you a few examples so you can try forming the native case yourselves right so let’s get started okay our first example is Mikhail Dal and then are known as sistra dng right so which means Mikhail gave his sister money right so he gave money to his sister uh so the word sister is in the dative case so how would you put it in the dative case and as always I’m gonna be giving you the answer in just a few seconds so be sure to pause the video if you need to think a little longer but the answer to to this uh example is of course sistria right sistra is a feminine noun so in the dative case it takes the ending yeah all right our next example uh Natasha told or said to her friend her female friend uh what the time is right Natasha skazala and then are known as padruga female friend what the time is so she told her what the time was right maybe her friend asked what’s the time right in in Natasha said to her or told her what the time was so how would you put the word padruga in the native case and of course the answer is right because it’s a family noun so in the native case it takes okay next example I gave or gifted literally my friend or a friend a bike a bicycle right yeah but are you I gave as a gift or I gifted literally to a friend the word is droog in the nominative case and then velocity at the bicycle which is of course our direct object in the accusative case so how are gonna put drug in the dative case and of course it’s going to be yapodario I gave my friend or a friend to a friend or for a friend right a bicycle our next example is Sergey bought his wife a new phone right or Sergey bought for his wife a new phone for his wife right Sergey kupil and then our noun in the nominative case is right the wife a new phone so how would we put our recipient in the dative case of course there’s going to be genea right two or four his wife it’s a feminine noun right sergeyo telephone and of course Novi telephone is in the accusative case it’s the direct object but again it does not change because it’s a a masculine noun so it looks exactly the same as its nominative base form and our last example uh uh Irina calls Alexander every day right and then Alexander Alexander right so she calls him or or to him every day right so how we’re gonna put Alexander in the native case and of course the answer is Alexa right it’s a masculine noun which in a dative case takes uh of course so irina’s alexandru Diego okay guys this is all we have for you in this video I hope you found it helpful if so be sure to hit the like button remember you can ask us questions in the comment section below and of course you remember to subscribe to our Channel subscribe to our app as well Russian readers we have a lot of great stories uh including stories on grammar topics uh like cases where you can learn uh grammar in context uh with translation with narration with explanations like this video right there embedded in the stories in the app so it’s a very helpful app be sure to subscribe thanks for watching and I’ll see you guys next time